How to treat hypokalemia?
medcases00
Published on Jul 27, 2021
How to treat hypokalemia?
Hypokalemia for medical and nursing students
This video"How To: Understand low blood potassium"
Why Care for potassium ?
Potassium is essential for :
1- Transmission of nerve impulses.
2- Contraction of cardiac muscle.
3- Maintenance of intracellular tonicity of skeletal and smooth muscles.
4-Maintenance of normal renal function.
Hypokalemia per se can increase in-hospital mortality rate up to 10-fold,
likely due to the profound effects on arrhythmogenesis, blood pressure, and cardiovascular morbidity.
Normal potassium balance
The dietary intake of potassium ranges from 35 -110 mmoles/day in U.S. men and women.
Despite this widespread variation in intake, homeostatic mechanisms precisely maintain serum K + between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L. In a healthy individual at steady state, the entire daily intake of
potassium is excreted, approximately 90% in the urine and 10% in the stool. More than 98% of total body potassium is intracellular, chiefly in muscle
The proximal tubule and loop of Henle mediate the bulk of potassium reabsorption, such that a considerable fraction of filtered potassium is reabsorbed .,
Renal potassium excretion is primarily at the distal convuluted tubules in exchange for sodium under effect of aldosterone hormone
Grades of hypokalemia
Mild, with K + levels in the 3.0 to 3.5 mmol/L
Moderate with serum potassium less than 3.0 mmol /L .
Severewith serum potassium less than 2.5 mmol/)
Causes of hypokalemia include:
Spurious hypokalemia
Renal losses as in renal tubular acidosis,hyperaldosteronism.magnesium depletion
Leukemia (mechanism uncertain)
GI losses as in vomiting or nasogastric suctioning.diarrhea,enemas or laxative use,Ileal loop
Medication as diuretics (most common cause),beta-adrenergic agonists,steroids,theophylline,aminoglycosides
Transcellular shift due to Insulin. or alkalosis
Malnutrition or decreased dietary intake, also with parenteral nutrition
Diagnosis of hypokalemia including ECG changes is explained
Treatment of hypokalemia is nicely summarized.
This lecture will help doctors make the proper management of hypokalemia of their patients and help medical students understand the subject easily
https://youtu.be/-OuwSTyRuP0
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